Infertility is a complex issue that affects millions of couples globally, with male factors contributing to nearly 50% of cases. While lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise,and smoking are frequently discussed, there are numerous unexplored biological reasons for male infertility that warrant attention. At Andrology Center in Coimbatore, we emphasise the importance of identifying these factors, especially since we are the only authorised lab in India to conduct the SCSA® test for DNA fragmentation. This article explores lesser-known biological reasons for male infertility, offering insights into how these issues can impact fertility.
Genetic Abnormalities: The Hidden Offender
Genetic abnormalities are significant yet often overlooked reasons for male infertility. Conditions like Klinefelter syndrome, where an extra X chromosome is present, can lead to low sperm count or non-obstructive azoospermia. Similarly, Y-chromosome microdeletions can disrupt genes vital for sperm production. Early diagnosis through genetic testing is essential, as it helps in understanding these issues and guiding treatment options, such as assisted reproductive technologies or genetic counselling, tailored to address these genetic concerns.
Hormonal Imbalances: Beyond the Basics
Hormonal imbalances are crucial yet frequently underestimated contributors to male infertility. Testosterone is key to sperm production, but hormones like follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) are also critical. Conditions such as hypogonadism (low testosterone) or hyperprolactinaemia (high prolactin) can severely impact sperm quality. Addressing these imbalances through hormone therapy or lifestyle adjustments can often restore normal sperm production, improving overall fertility outcomes.
Varicocele: A Common, Yet Overlooked Issue
Varicocele, an enlargement of veins in the scrotum, is a common but often undiagnosed cause of male infertility. This condition raises testicular temperature, adversely affecting sperm quality. Despite its prevalence, it is frequently overlooked due to a lack of obvious symptoms. Surgical correction, known as varicocelectomy, can improve sperm parameters in many cases. Early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing long-term damage and enhancing fertility.
DNA Fragmentation: A Closer Look at Sperm Quality
DNA fragmentation in sperm is a critical factor in male infertility, often missed in standard semen analyses. High DNA fragmentation levels can lead to reduced fertility and lower success rates in assisted reproductive technologies. The Andrology Center, Coimbatore, is uniquely authorised in India to conduct the SCSA® (Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay) test for DNA fragmentation. This detailed analysis is vital for identifying underlying issues and choosing the most effective fertility treatments.
Autoimmune Disorders: The Body’s Betrayal
Autoimmune disorders, where the immune system mistakenly attacks sperm cells, are another overlooked cause of male infertility. This can lead to the production of anti-sperm antibodies, impairing sperm function and preventing successful fertilisation. Testing for autoimmune responses and managing these conditions with treatments like immunosuppressive therapy can help restore fertility, but these require specialised testing and expert intervention for accurate diagnosis and management.
Environmental Toxins: Beyond Lifestyle Choices
Environmental toxins, including heavy metals, pesticides and industrial chemicals, significantly impact male infertility. These toxins cause oxidative stress, damaging sperm DNA and reducing fertility. Minimising exposure to harmful substances and detoxifying the body can improve sperm health. This highlights the need for a holistic approach to fertility, taking into account both environmental and lifestyle factors alongside medical treatment.
Infections and Inflammations: The Silent Saboteurs
Infections and inflammations in the male reproductive system can lead to infertility by causing blockages, scarring or impairing sperm production. Conditions like epididymitis, orchitis and sexually transmitted infections can significantly impact fertility. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent long-term damage. Regular medical check-ups and prompt intervention can help preserve reproductive health and improve fertility outcomes.
Oxidative Stress: The Invisible Enemy
Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, is a significant factor in male infertility, affecting sperm count, motility, and DNA integrity. Combatting oxidative stress through antioxidant therapy—whether via supplements or dietary changes—can help improve sperm health. This approach is particularly beneficial for men with unexplained infertility or high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation, offering a pathway to improved reproductive outcomes.
Conclusion
Understanding the biological reasons for male infertility goes beyond lifestyle choices, requiring a deeper exploration of genetic, hormonal and environmental factors. At Andrology Center, Coimbatore, we provide not only the manual and AI semen analysis, but also advanced testing like the SCSA®(Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay) test for DFI. In addition, we now offer additional, mutually related tests, such as Blood Tests (hormone assays and serology tests), Semen Culture, ROS Test, Karyotyping, Sperm Aneuploidy Test and Y-chromosome Microdeletion.
We guarantee accurate results by using the latest technology and top-class equipment. We issue standardised reports, which help the fertility specialists decide on the right treatment. By addressing these unexplored factors, we aim to provide effective solutions for couples struggling with infertility, helping them achieve their dream of parenthood.
