When couples face challenges conceiving, it’s common to begin with testing the female partner. But male infertility plays a significant role in over 40% of infertility cases. Among the many factors that influence male fertility, sperm DNA fragmentation has emerged as a critical but often overlooked issue, especially for couples planning to undergo IVF or ICSI treatments.
At Andrology Center, we specialize in advanced male infertility diagnostics, and we are the only licensed lab in India providing the genuine Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA®), the gold standard in testing for sperm DNA fragmentation.
In this article, we explore what sperm DNA fragmentation means, why it’s essential before IVF, how it’s tested, and how it influences your treatment journey.
What is Sperm DNA Fragmentation?
Sperm cells are responsible for delivering intact genetic material to the egg. When the DNA inside sperm is damaged or fragmented, it can lead to:
- Failed fertilization
- Poor embryo development
- Early pregnancy loss
- Repeated IVF/ICSI failures
Sperm DNA fragmentation refers to breaks or defects in the genetic material of sperm. These breaks can occur due to oxidative stress, infections, varicocele, environmental toxins, lifestyle habits, or even aging.
Why is Sperm DNA Fragmentation Important in IVF?
In traditional semen analysis, parameters such as count, motility and morphology are evaluated. However, even a normal semen report doesn’t rule out DNA damage inside the sperm.
In ICSI procedures, where sperm is injected directly into the egg, DNA integrity becomes a key factor for embryo quality and implantation success.
Studies show that high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation are associated with:
- Lower pregnancy rates
- Increased miscarriage rates
- Poor embryo development
Knowing the DNA fragmentation level helps fertility specialists make better treatment decisions.
How is Sperm DNA Fragmentation Tested?
There are several testing methods globally, but not all are equally reliable. The most accurate and reproducible test is the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA®).
Why SCSA®?
At Andrology Center, we are the only authorized lab in India performing the original SCSA®, licensed and developed by Dr. Don Evenson, the inventor of the test. It measures:
- DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI)
- High DNA Stainability (HDS)
SCSA® uses flow cytometry, a powerful technique that evaluates thousands of sperm cells in seconds, giving precise, validated results.
Who Should Consider a Sperm DNA Fragmentation Test?
You should consider getting tested if:
- You and your partner have had multiple failed IVF/ICSI cycles
- You’ve experienced recurrent pregnancy loss
- You have a history of varicocele or testicular trauma
- You’re exposed to high oxidative stress (smoking, pollution, poor diet)
- You have normal semen parameters but still face unexplained infertility
- You’re over 40 and planning assisted reproduction
How to Prepare for the Test?
We offer detailed instructions for preparing for the SCSA® test. Typically, you’ll be asked to:
- Maintain 1–2 days of abstinence
A semen sample is collected and processed using advanced lab protocols. Results are available in a short turnaround time.
What Do the Results Mean?
The DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) is categorized as:
- <15% — Excellent pregnancy outcomes
- 15–25% — Good-Fair pregnancy outcomes
- >25% — Fair – Poor pregnancy outcomes, associated with lower success in IVF
Based on your results, the fertility specialist may recommend:
- Antioxidant therapy
- Varicocele repair
- Lifestyle changes
- Testicular sperm extraction or sperm selection methods for ICSI (which may offer lower DNA fragmentation)
Why Choose Andrology Center?
- India’s Only SCSA® Licensed Lab
- AI & Manual WHO Semen Analysis
- Full Panel of Male Infertility Tests (hormonal, genetic, microbiological)
- Confidential, Accurate & Timely Reports
We collaborate with fertility clinics and IVF centers across India to deliver cutting-edge diagnostic insights that improve your chance of a successful pregnancy.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. Can sperm DNA fragmentation be treated?
Yes. Depending on the cause, treatments may include antioxidants, lifestyle changes, varicocele surgery, or using testicular sperm.
Q2. Does sperm DNA fragmentation affect natural conception?
Yes. High fragmentation can lead to lower fertilization rates and increased miscarriage risks, even in natural conception.
Q3. Is SCSA® better than SCD or COMET tests?
Yes. SCSA® is the most validated, standardized and reproducible test globally, unlike others which are more variable and less standardized.
Q4. Can I do IVF without checking for DNA fragmentation?
Technically yes, but it’s not advisable. Knowing the DNA integrity helps improve IVF success and reduces the emotional and financial costs of failed cycles.
Q5. Where can I get the SCSA® test done in India?
Andrology Center is the only authorized lab offering licensed SCSA® testing in India.
Conclusion
Sperm DNA fragmentation is one of the most overlooked yet critical aspects of male fertility. Especially when you’re investing in treatments like IVF or ICSI, skipping this test can cost more than just money—it can cost time, energy and hope.
At Andrology Center, we are committed to helping couples achieve better outcomes through accurate and advanced male infertility testing. Trust our expertise, cutting-edge lab infrastructure and proven protocols to guide your fertility journey with confidence.
