Semen and sperm are the two terms that are always used interchangeably but to your surprise, these are two different things. Many people, especially couples who are trying to conceive, find themselves in a tight spot when they are asked to undertake a semen analysis test.
It is important for every couple to understand the basic difference between semen and sperm.
Sperm
Sperm is a motile reproductive cell, not visible with the naked eyes, which is transferred to the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse. During the fertilization process, the sperm’s nucleus fuses with the egg’s nucleus to form an embryo. This embryo grows into a baby.
Semen is the seminal fluid which contains the sperm cells along with other plasma liquid. It is white, yellow or slightly greyish in color and viscous in consistency. It is released from the penis.
Semen is responsible for transmission of the motile sperm cells into the reproductive organ of the female. After some time of ejaculation, the semen changes into a jelly-like or sticky material.
Components of Semen
The primary constituents of semen include sperm cells, fructose, prostaglandins, amino acids, enzymes, flavins, citric acid, proteins, phosphorylcholine, vitamin C, zinc, acid phosphatase, prostate specific antigen, sialic acid, and mucus. Generally, the couples dealing with infertility are prescribed semen analysis test which is basically an analysis of semen and its constituents.
It is not uncommon that a man may have an ejaculation and semen will be produced, however this semen sample may be void of sperm cells giving rise to the condition of azoospermia or “no sperm count” which is a condition characterized by a total absence of sperm in ejaculation. It affects 5 percent of infertile men. The absence of sperm in the semen fluid, could be due to a variety of factors such as a problem with the process of sperm production or a blockage wherein the normal sperm production could not reach the ejaculate. In this case, the doctors prescribe fructose testing of semen. It is to be noted that fructose is fabricated by the seminal vesicle in the male reproductive organ. It is released in semen during the process of ejaculation. The presence of fructose in the semen sample is an indication of sperm production in the man.
Semen Analysis Test
Semen analysis is also known as seminogram. It is done to analyse the characteristics of semen, as well as the sperm, present in the semen.
The semen analysis test is the first diagnostic test done to evaluate the male fertility in the couples who are trying to conceive and also, post the process of vasectomy, to determine its success.
A semen analysis test analyses the external characteristics of the sperm such as count, motility and shape in addition to evaluating the overall volume of sample provided, pH of the sample and presence of other constituents.
Other indications of this test include testing the donor for sperm donation, to check for azoospermia, as a part of routine pre-pregnancy tests, or in cases of some underlying pathology.
Importance of Healthy Sperm
For a man’s fertility, having healthy sperm is crucial, as these male reproductive cells are responsible for carrying the father’s genetic material to the egg.
Characteristics of Human Sperm
Human sperm cells, which are found in human semen, must have proper motility, shape, and a normal count to increase the chances of conception.
Role of Semen
Semen, the whitish fluid that carries these sex cells, plays an essential role in delivering human sperm to the female reproductive system. The whitish fluid not only protects the sperm during its journey but also contains nutrients like fructose that are essential for the sperm’s survival.
Addressing Fertility Issues
Any abnormalities in human semen can be a sign of fertility issues. Couples struggling to conceive may need to look into these factors, as problems with male reproductive cells or the composition of the whitish fluid could hinder the process. Regular health checks and a focus on lifestyle changes can help improve healthy sperm production and ensure the transfer of quality genetic material during reproduction.
FAQs
Where is semen formed in the body?
Semen is formed in several parts of the male reproductive system, primarily in the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. The sperm cells are produced in the testes.
What factors can impact semen volume?
Factors that can impact semen volume include hydration levels, frequency of ejaculation, age, hormonal levels, certain medications, and overall health conditions, such as infections or blockages.
Can pre-ejaculate contain sperm?
Yes, pre-ejaculate (pre-cum) can contain sperm. It is produced by the bulbourethral glands and can pick up sperm that remains in the urethra from previous ejaculations.
What is the function of prostaglandins in semen?
Prostaglandins in semen help to facilitate sperm motility and promote contractions in the female reproductive tract, aiding in the movement of sperm toward the egg.
What is the sperm count in the average ejaculation?
The average sperm count in a single ejaculation typically ranges from 15 million to over 200 million sperm per milliliter of semen.
How much is the average ejaculation?
The average volume of ejaculate is about 2 to 5 milliliters per ejaculation.
