Assessing male fertility is crucial in reproductive health, and semen analysis serves as a fundamental diagnostic tool for this purpose. Understanding the insights gleaned from semen analysis can greatly aid in evaluating a man’s fertility and his chances of conception. The intricacies of semen analysis need to be explained, its components explored and the results correctly interpreted. We give below details as to how this can be done.
The Basics of Semen Analysis:
Semen analysis test is carried out in an andrology laboratory. It is an experimental procedure that evaluates a male person’s framework of semen. It is non-invasive and acts as the initial step in diagnosing the cause of male infertility and other conditions. The analysis includes diagnosing the sperm count, morphology, motility, volume and other distinctive features. It serves as a foundational examination to gauge male fertility and detect potential obstacles to conception.
Components of Semen Analysis:
There are various features of the semen that need to be analysed. They come under 2 heads:
Micro analysis which covers the following:
- Sperm Concentration: This measures the number of sperm per milliliter of semen. Typically, it should be a minimum of 15 million per ml. If the count is lower, it is called Oligospermia and can hinder fertility.
- Sperm Motility: The movement of sperm and the percentage of sperm moving forward. Poor motility is referred to as Asthenospermia, which may impair the sperm’s ability to get to the egg and fertilize it.
- Sperm Morphology: This evaluates the shape and proportion of sperm. Abnormal morphology (Teratospermia) can result in the sperm’s inability to pierce the egg.
- Sperm Ejaculate Volume: This quantifies the total amount of ejaculated semen. The normal volume is 1.5 to 5 ml per ejaculation. A low volume may signal issues with the organs and glands of which the male reproductive system is constructed.
- Sperm Vitality: shows the percentage of live sperm.
Macro analysis shows the following:
- Volume, colour, pH Level, consistency like viscosity of sperm. The ph (potential of hydrogen) level measures the chemical composition of the semen. An abnormal pH level may indicate blockage of seminal vesicles (glands) or an infection.
Interpreting Semen Analysis Results:
Understanding the findings of a semen analysis within established reference ranges is crucial for determining their significance.
- Normal Parameters: Results within predefined reference ranges typically suggest good reproductive potential, indicating healthy fertility.
- Abnormal Parameters: Deviations from established norms may signal underlying reproductive issues that warrant further investigation.
Irregularities and Their Impact:
According to recent WHO 2021 guidelines, the normal values for the following are mentioned below:
- Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia): Decreased chances of conception due to a reduced number of sperm available for fertilization. Normal is 16M/ml.
- Poor Sperm Motility (Asthenospermia): Impaired ability of sperm to swim and reach the egg, negatively impacting fertilization. 42% and below is abnormal.
- Abnormal Sperm Morphology (Teratospermia): Sperm exhibiting structural defects may struggle to penetrate and fertilize an egg. Less than 4% normal forms is abnormal.
- Other Factors: Elevated levels of white blood cells, abnormal viscosity, or pH imbalances can indicate infections or underlying health conditions affecting fertility. These factors necessitate further evaluation to address potential obstacles to conception and ensure optimal reproductive health.
Interpretation and Further Action:
Understanding semen analysis results is pivotal for determining the next course of action:
- Consultation with a fertility specialist or urologist is essential for a thorough assessment and tailored treatment plan.
- Lifestyle adjustments, dietary enhancements or medical interventions may be recommended to enhance fertility factors.
- Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) might be considered, depending on individual results and patient requirements.
These steps ensure a comprehensive approach to addressing any identified fertility challenges, offering the best chance of achieving conception and fulfilling reproductive goals.
Conclusion
Semen analysis is integral in evaluating male fertility, providing vital insights into reproductive health and conception potential. Armed with a clear understanding of semen analysis results, individuals and couples can make informed decisions and pursue appropriate interventions to achieve their reproductive aspirations. By deciphering the implications of semen analysis findings, they can embark on a path towards addressing any identified fertility concerns and optimising their chances of conception.
At Andrology Center, we offer both the manual semen analysis, as per WHO 2021 norms, as well as the AI semen analysis. In addition, we conduct the DFI (DNA fragmentation index) test, which gives even more details. We proudly state that we are the only accredited laboratory in India authorised to carry out the genuine SCSA® (sperm chromatin structure assay) test. With state-of-the-art equipment and the latest technology, precise results are guaranteed in the standardised, clinically relevant reports that we provide. In turn, this helps fertility specialists and patients in deciding on the best treatment methods.